A more general theory of commodity bundling

Armstrong M

This paper discusses the incentive to bundle when consumer valuations are non-additive and/or when products are supplied by separate sellers. Whether integrated or separate, a firm has an incentive to introduce a bundle discount when demand for the bundle is more elastic than the overall demand for products. When separate sellers coordinate on a bundle discount, they can use the discount to relax competition, which can harm welfare.

Keywords:

discrete choice

,

bundling

,

oligopoly

,

price discrimination

,

common agency